- chmod is the command and system call which may change the access permissions to file system objects (files and directories). It may also alter special mode flags. The request is filtered by the umask. The name is an abbreviation of change mode.
- ls is used to list files
- ps a is used to list the processes running
- shutdown now is used to shutdown the system
- sudo service lightdm restart used to log out from the current user
- sudo add-apt-repository ppa:<ppa_name>
Occasionally, some applications and games (eg. some from the Humble Indie Bundle) have .run installers. Before installing using these, check to see if: it is available from the Software Centre it is available as a .deb file, which will open in the Software Center You can install .run files from the graphical interface, but using a terminal is more likely to give you useful feedback. To install a .run file you need to: make it executable. execute it This is because .run files are just executable programs that do some unknown magic to install the program. This is similar to what .exe installers do on Windows and is different to the normal methods (at best, using the Software Centre, at worst using .deb files) in which applications are installed in a standard way and can be easily removed. Graphical Method Right click on the file in the file manager and click 'Properties'. Click the 'Permissions' tab and tick the box that says 'Allow executing fil...
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